Society
Society as a complex dynamic system. Diversity of development forms: evolution, revolution, reforms. Historical types: traditional, industrial, post-industrial society. Progress and regress. Global problems of humanity.
Economic Sphere
Economics as a sphere of societal life. Essence, types, and mechanisms of the market. State regulation, monetary-credit and tax policy. Economic growth, development, and cycles. Consumer and producer economics. World economy: trade, global problems.
Social Sphere
Social structure, relations, and interactions. Diversity of social groups. Ethnic communities.
Spiritual and Moral Sphere
Culture and spiritual life: needs, production, material and spiritual culture. Social functions of culture. Forms of culture: folk, mass, elite.
Political Sphere
Power: origin and types. Politics, its functions, and the political system. The State: essence, functions, forms of organization (unitary, federal, confederal). Separation of powers (legislative, executive, judicial). Electoral systems, political parties and ideologies. Political regimes. Civil society.
Legal Sphere
Law in the system of social norms. Law and morality. Rule of law. System, branches, and sources of law. The Constitution. Offenses and legal liability. Fundamentals of constitutional, administrative, civil, labor, criminal, and family law. Human rights.